Much better performance will result if the design is coaxed or forced out of this minimum, mostly by having a shorter central airspace and a longer back focus due to a stronger back meniscus lens. The double gauss lens is a compound lens used mostly in camera lenses that reduces optical aberrations over a large focal plane. Oct 18, 2017 this video introduces optical design and optical aberrations. In 1933, another double gauss design, the zeiss topogon, was released. In those days optical design was very much a group effort. The original gauss designed lens is a two meniscus telescope. These days you can start a new design from a gazillion doublegauss design patents or just enter some design data that give a drawing that looks like a doublegauss and then computer optimize.
It adds impressive building blocks to the foundation established by a. Highresolution fourpi steradian panoramic video system. Conceptual lens design by the masters, without using expensive software, but a. The symmetry allows for balancing of field aberrations and for a. An ebook reader can be a software application for use on a.
For example, there is a link between double gauss lenses and. Lens design with computational software like zemax and codev are the norm. A design example of a doublegauss lens is constructed using methods from. The invention of low dispersion, high index glass, antireflective coatings, and computational lens design provided for a breakthrough in the lens design of the double gauss lens. The resulting lens, the zeiss planar, remains in common use today in the 1920s, the designers at taylor hobson found the design didnt have to be. Practical computeraided lens design by gregory hallock smith. Optical and mechanical design ofdouble gauss lensin this monograph optical design program oslo opticalsoftware for layout and. Once you sit down in front of a computer, the rest of the world can disappear, and time can pass quickly. Our 10 favorite vintage lenses you can buy right now. Lens design fundamentals, kingslake, rudolf, johnson, r. For their 100th episode a video podcast on youtube, the classic lens podcast brought me on to show my lens design software, zemax, and talk about.
Lens aberration, jones matrix and gauss beam methods there are some interesting derivative from opticspy. The introduction of the computer revolutionized the way lenses optical systems are designed and evaluated. Double gauss imaging lens pp i t echspec double gauss macro imaging lens our techspec double gauss lenses provide highperformance, com pact size and exceptional value. Modeling software for ray tracing in optically large systems. New prescriptions may be entered or existing ones edited using the convenient datasheet format shown below. A procedure for the design of basic double gauss lenses has been developed that uses fifthorder interpolating aberrations in the framework of a dampedleastsquares program. Lens design fundamentals, second edition, is the most comprehensive treatise to be published on the subject of lens design.
Double gaussthe double gauss lens design is the basis for modern camera lenses. Im not sure, but i think that by gaussian lens design you mean the configuration initially used by the zeiss planar. This part can be used to create a wide variety of lens forms, including any combination of concave and convex lens surfaces. Image space polychromatic diffraction fft modulation transfer function mtf for. Synthesis of the double gauss, jan hoogland, spie proc.
The double gauss lens consists of two backtoback gauss lenses a design with a positive meniscus lens on the object side and a negative meniscus lens on the image. Dec 04, 2012 the design procedure described is based on the work of walter mandler. It proceeds from a rough model directly to a solution. How to create complex lens geometries for ray optics. The double gauss lens was designed by paul rudolph, but its origin goes back a little bit. Walter mandlers contribution as physicist and designer was to set out the general direction in which. This is traditionally called a double gauss because back around 1817 carl gauss himself did a 3element telescope objective and in 1888 alvin clark put 2 of them back to back to make a camera lens. Its very well made mechanically, and was offered in a number of minor cosmetic versions including a rare macro version, all based on the same optical formula. A complete breakdown of the double gauss lens design and the sonnar lens. Lenses with wider apertures usually require 7 elements or even 8 elements the extra elements added to control aberrations and astigmatism. Design of basic double gauss lenses, walter mandler spie proc.
Lens design is, therefore, a strong component of a wellrounded education in optics, and a skill valued by industries employing optical engineers. A double gauss lens system with the ray intercept curve analysis a dual focal length lens showing nonsequential rays traced through the inner and outer sections of the lens a model of the human eye showing rays traced through the eye. The symmetry allows for balancing of field aberrations and for a fast fnumber with a considerable field of view. For scenario a, analyses were performed using a zemax sample lens file consisting of a 5 double gauss lens figure 1. Enhanced interface usability in modern design software enables even inexperienced lens designers to build wellperforming optical systems. A classic design has 6 elements which is usually sufficient for an aperture f2. The basement of these wideangle lenses can be considered as the double gauss lens 17, which is a compoundtype lens of a positive and negative meniscus lenses on the object side and the image. Several doublegauss type lenses available in the early 1900s, such as the arisostigmat and ross homocentric lenses gave fairly wideangle views. Mar 08, 2011 in 1933, another double gauss design, the zeiss topogon, was released. Feb 05, 2010 im not sure, but i think that by gaussian lens design you mean the configuration initially used by the zeiss planar. Soon after, a number of other lenses with similar but more complex designs were developed, including the leica elmarits, zeiss biogons, and a number of others. In addition to classical lens design features, it combines advanced ray tracing, analysis, and optimization methods with a highspeed macro language to solve a wide variety of new problems. Included are tangential and sagittal values for field points on center, at 70% of full field and at the maximum sensor format.
This guide will tackle how lens design was done before optical design software on computers were invented, which i will call the classic method for lens design. To demonstrate the impact of these errors, scenarios a and b were modeled in raytrace software and the predicted mtf was compared at two conjugate distances. Lens design used to be a skill reserved for a few professionals. Continuing the bestselling tradition of the authors previous books, lens design, fourth edition is still the most complete and reliable guide for detailed design information and procedures for a wide range of optical systems. It provided a very wide 90 degree fieldofview equivalent to a 21mm lens on a fullframe slr at f6.
Its a classic 6element, 4group, single coated, double gauss design that debuted in 1956, and was produced until the 70s in exakta and m42 screw mount. One of the more advanced examples is the spherical general lens 3d shown below in the left image. Techspec focus able double gauss imaging lens pp i t ecspec dole gass macro magng lens figure 5. The 10 best vintage slr lenses to use on dslrs shutterbug. Optical layout of the conventional doublegauss lens. Subsequently, the most suitable optical system for the given imaging task e.
Designs are reevaluated using modern optimisation routines with special attention to glass replacement. Sep 01, 2017 the double gauss form has many local minima and this design is stuck in a very short version of the normal double gauss design. The double gauss lens consists of two backtoback gauss lenses a design with a positive meniscus lens on the object side and a negative meniscus lens on the image side making two positive meniscus lenses on the outside with two negative meniscus lenses inside them. Easytouse software tools for teaching the basics, design. We also assemble a custom 5x microscopy objective that has diffractionlimited performances from thorlabs stock elements. Oslo is a powerful optical design program with the scope. We also assemble a custom 5x microscopy objective that has diffractionlimited performances from. In the late 1950s, altman and kingslake developed such a 100mm focallength double gauss lens, shown in figure. Background of the double gauss lens and its multiple lens designers. These zemax models are all based on patent literature. Coating lenses with up to a dozen or more different layers of chemicals to suppress reflections across the visual spectrum instead of at only one.
This is an f1 lens with an effective focal length efl of. The ultimate guide to lens design using the classic. Its design contains a singlet and doublet pair that symmetrically surround an iris aperture stop. Surface deformation interferogram visualizations for a double gauss lens. Designing a doublegauss lens, the hard way slideshare. Although computers provide us with enormous power to solve complex and sophisticated problems, they represent our biggest concern in teaching optical design. A design example of a doublegauss lens is constructed using methods from the. The six lenses are made of three different glasses shown in blue, green, and red that have different optical dispersion coefficients.
Although the calculation methods are classic, with the help of a spreadsheet, we will do a stepbystep lens design that makes all of the steps and theory make sense. Therefore, we need to start the design of a doublegausstype lens with. Several lens design software packages are available to students so that they become. Spot diagram for a double gauss photographic lens is shown below. The design procedure described is based on the work of walter mandler. Minimizing stray light in everyday optical systems. The winner of the standard lens on a photographic camera. Cell phone lens model containing aspheric elements. In the late 1950s, altman and kingslake developed such a 100mm focallength doublegauss lens, shown in figure. Oslo optics software for layout and optimization is a powerful optical design program with the scope needed to meet todays optical design requirements. Flattening the field by thick use of a thick meniscus lens. Dec 19, 2006 but all of these software packages share one critical flaw.
Cross section and 3d solid model of a double gauss lens showing the trajectories of rays originating from three different field locations. Watch out for the next article in the coming months which will cover historical design forms such as the doublegauss, retrofocus, tessar, sonnar, telephoto, and so on. This presentation is a brief introduction to the double gauss photographic lens. Rudolph who designed the protar and tessar modified the double gauss design by using a pair of thick cemented elements for the inner element of the lens. Hybrid optical components deliver benefits for system. Oct 08, 2015 subsequently, the most suitable optical system for the given imaging task e. Image simulation input and output images for a fisheye lens. A doublesided telecentric zoom lens system is designed using the thick lens module in this paper, which shows that this method is practical for zoom lens design.
Walter mandler 19222005 designed many double gauss lenses for leica cameras. The design of double gauss systems using digital computers, m. A zernike polynomial gui app based on opticspy and pyqt5 it is very easy to reuse or wrap opticspy module with a guie. Code v application gallery synopsys optical solutions. Spherical aberration corrected by the shape of the lens. Introduction to lens design by jose sasian september 2019. The double gauss lens consists of two backtoback gauss lenses a design with a positive meniscus lens on the object side and a. In terms of a starting direction, it is best to begin with some standard design that has specs as close as possible to your goal. The basement of these wideangle lenses can be considered as the doublegauss lens 17, which is a compoundtype lens of a positive and negative meniscus lenses on the object side and the image.
Watch out for the next article in the coming months which will cover historical design forms such as the double gauss, retrofocus, tessar, sonnar, telephoto, and so on. Given that you are imaging between finite conjugates im assuming this because you are doing lithography you would likely use something symmetrical about. Design of basic double gauss lenses spie digital library. The double gauss became the preferred normal lens design in the 1950s with the availability of antireflection coating and new generation extra high refractive index rare earth optical glasses. Conrady in applied optics and optical design and rudolph kingslake in lens design. The lure of wide aperture has always been impossible to ignore and the same dr. Luckily, cad software will run the math for us, and help lead to solutions which are ultimately far beyond the limits of what was possible previously. A double sided telecentric zoom lens system is designed using the thick lens module in this paper, which shows that this method is practical for zoom lens design. You may be thinking why this lens was named after the great mathematician carl friedrich gauss. Indeed, it is flexible enough that it can be used for all of the lenses in both a petzval lens as well as a double gauss. Figure 1 shows the optical configuration of a double gauss lens composed of two singlets and two doublets arranged around a central stop. Their expanded performance yields image resolution greater than 100 lpmm on up to a 1.
Walter mandlers summicron designed for the leica is the pinnacle of the double gauss in my opinion. The double gauss lens consists of two backtoback gauss lenses making two positive meniscus lenses on the outside with two negative meniscus lenses inside them. Students are expected to develop an understanding of lens design fundamentals and to comprehend in detail how classical lenses work, from the landscape lens to the double gauss lens. This video introduces optical design and optical aberrations. Their expanded performance yields image resolution greater than. The development of wideangle lenses lens rentals blog. Richard pfisterer, photon engineering llc optical design software allows the user to develop a configuration of optical elements that manipulate the trajectory of light for the purposes of creating an image, illuminating a target, coupling into a fiber, and so on. Figure 2 shows a conventional doublegauss lens mounted in a barrel assembly with a short sunshade implemented as a baffle. Oslo is a powerful optical design program with the scope you. More complex design forms such as double gauss, sonnar, retrofocus. Coating lenses with up to a dozen or more different layers of chemicals to suppress reflections across the visual spectrum instead of at only one compromise wavelength were a logical progression. A 7element, 6group gauss design with a 6bladed diaphragm, it was in production until 1962 when nikon introduced its iconic 50mm f1. Aug 18, 2011 the design can be further modified with an extra element or two, but the double gauss basis is still there. Zernike surface gif show this is the opticspy project page.
Before the double gauss lens, there was the gauss lens, which got its name from the mathematician carl friedrich gauss. The doublegauss form has many local minima and this design is stuck in a very short version of the normal doublegauss design. This book holds a unique place in the optics literature. These days you can start a new design from a gazillion double gauss design patents or just enter some design data that give a drawing that looks like a double gauss and then computer optimize. The double gauss lens is a compound lens used in camera lenses that reduces optical aberrations over a large focal plane. Optimization experiments with a double gauss lens journal.
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